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Background
Michigan Technological University (MTU) offers a course titled International Senior Design. For the past six years this course has allowed groups of students to travel to Santa Cruz, Bolivia in South America. The class provides a chance for graduating students to utilize their engineering skills, by solving civil/environmental type problems in the developing world. Students within the class form teams to undertake specific engineering projects.

Objective
To study storm water drainage problems in a Santa Cruz neighborhood.

 

Santa Anna Drainage
Santa Cruz, Bolivia
International Senior Design
August 2006

Engineering

Eric Griffith, Chase Nelson, Keegan Peters

Santa Anna Flooding

Santa Anna Flooding

Santa Anna Flooding

Methods and Procedures


- Topographic Survey
- Soil Samples
- Water Samples
- Client/Neighborhood meetings


Results
- Minimal elevation relief provides no natural floodwater drainage
- Underlying impervious clay layer inhibits water infiltration
- Floodwaters contain E. Coli Bacteria
- Neighborhood services are restricted during flooding
- Property is damaged resulting from flooding

Infrastructure Options

Earth Canal


Advantages
-Very constructible
-Low in cost
-Familiar to local residents
-Minimal environmental impact

Disadvantages
- Short life expectancy
- Substantial maintenance to remove sediments
- Often require repairs due to erosion
- Greater frictional coefficients reducing flow


Concrete Canal

Advantages
-Increased life expectancy
-Reduced maintenance costs
-Increased flow rate
-Familiar to local residents

Disadvantages
-Higher initial costs
-Susceptible to sedimentation
-Required maintenance to remove sediments

Subsurface Concrete Pipe

Advantages
-Less intrusive to community
-Greater life expectancy
-Available in pre-cast
-Self cleaning when flow is at scour velocity

Disadvantages
-Higher initial costs
-Unfamiliar construction
-Difficult to repair

Possible Drainage Routes
Four routes - # 2 & #4 Closest to flooding

Sediment Trap

Sedimentation poses a serious problem to the majority of drainage systems. As a solution, sediment traps can be used in conjunction with subsurface pipes to help alleviate this problem. Sediment traps allow time for sand particles to settle out before entering the outflow pipe. There is some maintenance required to maintain proper working conditions. This design has been equipped with a built in ladder and a hinged lid to allow a person to enter into the trap and shovel out the settled sediment.

FINAL RECOMMENDATION
The advantages that design #2 has over design #1 are:

- Less initial cost
- Less time to complete construction
- Superior sediment removal
- Fewer earth canals
- Less maintenance
Lower social impact

For these reasons, KEC recommends design #2 be implemented to remediate the flooding problems in Santa Anna neighborhood. This design will be effective at removing the majority of floodwater. This design is sufficient to handle flooding from a storm event of 50 years. It will still be able to remove the floodwaters resulting from storm events of greater magnitude and less occurrence, but not at a rapid rate. It can be done at a reasonable price and has a good life expectancy. The width of drainage route #2, 3rd Street, is quite small and the social impacts from placing a canal along it become apparent.

CONCLUSION
KEC prepared engineering solutions for a storm water drainage problem in the 10th District of Santa Cruz. KEC studied this problem by conducting a topographic survey, taking soil and water samples, and meeting with local officials and residents. KEC evaluated many options to alleviate the storm water flooding problem that plagues Santa Anna neighborhood each rainy season. Several different types of infrastructure and different drainage routes were studied. In the end, KEC found to remove the neighborhoods floodwater, a combination of drainage routes and infrastructure styles would work better than one drainage route and infrastructure type. KEC recommends the design option that utilizes one drainage route with a system of two subsurface pipes, two sediment traps, and one earth canal. This design will effectively remove the neighborhoods floodwater to the 6th Ring canal. However, the design does require monthly maintenance, and will not function if not properly maintained.
 


View the PDF Poster (390 kb) of

Santa Anna Drainage
Santa Cruz, Bolivia
International Senior Design
August 2006
Engineering

  Michigan Technological University
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
1400 Townsend Drive
Houghton, Michigan, 49931 - 1295, USA
Department Phone: 1-906-487-2520
Department Fax: 1-906-487-2943
Department E-mail: cee@mtu.edu


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